london underground line, with most stations
Jubilee, 9.5m per mile. [180] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [51][52] The Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow (later Uxbridge) and Hounslow. WebThe London Underground, also known as the Tube, is a public transportation system that serves the Greater London area. 41miles (66 km) long. Opened on 10 January 1863,[6] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. The line and the stations were transferred to the London Overground network in 2010. [57] The 193540 New Works Programme included the extension of the Central and Northern lines and the Bakerloo line to take over the Metropolitan's Stanmore branch. 26. Piccadilly, 4.7m per mile. WebThe Underground is served by the following depots: Bakerloo: Stonebridge Park, Queen's Park, London Road. [338] Performers are chosen by audition, with previous buskers including Ed Sheeran, George Michael and Rod Stewart.[339]. [108] Trains generally run on the left-hand track. Piccadilly, 4.7m per mile. Re: Piccadilly Line to Kings Cross. [228], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. 
[317] Pick found he was limited by the commercial artists the printers used, and so commissioned work from artists and designers such as Dora Batty,[318] Edward McKnight Kauffer, the cartoonist George Morrow,[314] Herry (Heather) Perry,[318] Graham Sutherland,[314] Charles Sharland[319] and the sisters Anna and Doris Zinkeisen. The Central line operates at 20-minute intervals between Leytonstone and Hainault, between Leytonstone and Loughton, and between White City and Ealing Broadway. Opened in 1863. [196] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[267] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. Colour: purple or magenta. [133] The line could be extended further on the Hayes National Rail line in future. By Ben Lynch. 41miles (66 km) long. The first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. Fast and semi-fast services operate only during peak hours; southbound only in the mornings, northbound only in the evenings. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. [146][147], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. [162], When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. The Central line is a London Underground line that runs through central London, from Epping, Essex, in the north-east to Ealing Broadway and West Ruislip in the west. The Metropolitan Line goes all the way to Buckinghamshire (Image: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance Survey data) Jubilee line - 36.2km. [251] Most platforms at deep tube stations have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits', beneath the track. [107][109], The lines are electrified with a four-rail DC system: a conductor rail between the rails is energised at210V and a rail outside the running rails at +420V, giving a potential difference of 630V. On the sections of line shared with mainline trains, such as the District line from East Putney to Wimbledon and Gunnersbury to Richmond, and the Bakerloo line north of Queen's Park, the centre rail is bonded to the running rails. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. WebPDF 581KB. [28] Both railways expanded, the District building five branches to the west reaching Ealing, Hounslow,[29] Uxbridge,[30] Richmond and Wimbledon[29] and the Metropolitan eventually extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80km) from Baker Street and the centre of London. 
[259] In the same year, following a marketing agreement between the operators, a joint central area map that included all the lines was published. [341] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. [77], In 1984 control of London Buses and the London Underground passed back to central government with the creation of London Regional Transport (LRT), which reported directly to the Secretary of State for Transport, still retaining the London Transport brand. Trains: represented by two parallel lines (=). WebPDF 581KB. [270], While the first use of a roundel in a London transport context was the trademark of the London General Omnibus Company registered in 1905, it was first used on the Underground in 1908 when the UERL placed a solid red circle behind station nameboards on platforms to highlight the name. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. [165] A 2000 study reported that air quality was seventy-three times worse than at street level, with a passenger inhaling the same mass of particulates during a twenty-minute journey on the Northern line as when smoking a cigarette. [40], Yerkes soon had control of the District Railway and established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1902 to finance and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (Bakerloo), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (Hampstead) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, (Piccadilly), which all opened between 1906 and 1907. Access to most Tube stations is via staircases or escalators, but some London Underground stations have step-free access. By Ben Lynch. [302] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [334] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[335]. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[252][253][254]. 
[127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. Use our travel tools to check your travel. Browse the list of London Tube stations below to find out more about famous and lesser-known London Tube stops, how to access them, what London Underground lines they serve and more. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][171][172]. London Transport Museum runs guided tours of several disused stations including Down Street and Aldwych through its "Hidden London" programme. [201][202][203], TfL introduced the Oyster card in 2003; this is a pre-payment smartcard with an embedded contactless RFID chip. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. Steps at street level between stations (Zones 1-2) PDF 589KB. The buildings had metal lettering attached to pale walls. Save. [215], In addition to automatic and staffed faregates at stations, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system. 49 stations. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. The current operator, London Underground Limited (LUL), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in London. 27. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. Victoria, 15.1m per mile. Northern, 7.0m per mile. [264][265], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[266] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [310] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. 
[293] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. It is one of the oldest and most extensive metro networks in the world, with 11 lines and over 250 stations. [129] Since 1999 all new stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. [222], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. [263] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. 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